APA 7
APA 7th Edition is the most commonly used referencing style here at the University of Portsmouth. Below you will find general guidance on how to reference and cite using APA 7th Edition, as well as examples for the specific sources you are likely to use in your assignments.
Your department or lecturer may prefer you to reference sources differently from the guidance given here. Always follow the requirements of your department or lecturer.
External visitors are welcome to use this guide, but note that your institution's requirements may differ from those suggested here.
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Some webpages contain academic information which is subject to regular update or change. Examples of this include abstract and citation databases such as Scopus.
When the contents of a page are designed to change frequently over time but are not archived, you should use n.d. for the publication date, and include a retrieval date in the reference.
Adapt the text within square brackets to reflect the type of information being presented on the webpage.
Reference
Author. (n.d.). Title of webpage [Citations for the article Title, by Initials. Author]. Name of Website (if different from author). Retrieved Month Date, Year, from URL
Scopus. (n.d.). 28 documents have cited [Citations for the article On the identification of body fluids and tissues: A crucial link in the investigation and solution of crime, by T. Sijen & S. Harbison]. Retrieved January 16, 2023, from https://www.scopus.com/results/citedbyresults.uri?sort=plf-f&cite=2-s2.0-85118495195&src=s&nlo=&nlr=&nls=&imp=t&sid=c929ece0d7d487133dae93cd77849cea&sot=cite&sdt=a&sl=0&origin=resultslist&offset=21&txGid=566c4b4395413c40cff524ddb55fe8cd&isValidNewDocSearchRedirection=false
In-text Citation
The data shows that... (Scopus, n.d.)
In data from Scopus (n.d.)...