Vancouver
This is the Vancouver style for referencing, used at the Univerity of Portsmouth within the School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences and the Radiography departments.
This guide is modelled on Citing Medicine: The NLM Style Guide for Authors, Editors, and Publishers (2nd edition). You may wish to consult this source directly for additional information or examples.
Examples of Ebooks can be found in collections such as Ebook Central and Medicines Complete.
Referencing Ebooks and other sources retrieved from the [Internet] can feel confusing at first. If you think of an Ebook as being the same as a printed book, but with some additional pieces of information added, you will quickly be able to differentiate between the two.
Example
The example below shows how to reference a printed book, and the additional text in bold within the reference shows the extra information required when you are referencing the same title as an Ebook:
Lefebvre P. Molecular and genetic maps of the nuclear genome [Internet]. Durham (NC): Duke University, Department of Biology; 2002 [modified 2002 Dec 11; cited 2003 Sep 5]. Available from: http://www.biology.duke.edu/chlamy_genome/nuclear_maps.html
Ebook with a single author
Reference
Author Initials. Title [type of medium]. Nth Edition [not needed if 1st edition]. Place of publication: publisher; date [note of any update/revision date; cited date]. Available from: URL/DOI
Melia KM. Health care ethics: lessons from intensive care [Internet]. London: Sage; 2004 [cited 2008 Apr 23]. Available from: http://site.ebrary.com/lib/portsmouth/Doc?id=10080927
Page C. Pharmacology [Internet]. 5th ed. Edinburgh: Elsevier; 2019 [cited 2021 Jun 21]. Available from: https://www.vlebooks.com/Vleweb/Product/Index/1173877?page=0
Ebook with a single author and a DOI (Digital Object Identifier)
You will sometimes find that an ebook will have a DOI (Digital object identifier), rather than a URL. These are intended to give a persistent link to an Ebook. An internet search for this number prefixed with http://dx.doi.org/ should call up a link to the Ebook.
Reference
Author Initials. Title [type of medium]. Nth Edition [not needed if 1st edition]. Place of publication: publisher; date [note of any update/revision date; cited date]. Available from: URL/DOI
Ettinger S. Nutritional pathophysiology of obesity and its comorbidities: a case-study approach [Internet]. Amsterdam: Academic Press; 2017 [cited 2019 Aug 20]. 334 p. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/book/9780128030134 doi: 10.1016/C2014-0-04074-9
In-text Citation/Reference List
Remember this will be a running number at the first use of a reference. If the reference is re-used then repeat the number allocated.
Keep your style constant, either parenthesis (number) throughout, or superscript number. Do not change between the two. If your department recommends a particular style then use that.
Barrett (2 p3) talks about the physiology of ...
or
Barrett 2 (p3) talks about the physiology of ...
For examples of ebooks with multiple authors please click 'more' below.
more
Ebooks with multiple authors
Reference
Author AA. [List ALL]. Title [Internet]. Nth Edition [not needed if 1st edition]. Place of publication: Publisher; Year of publication [note of any update/revision date; cited YYYY Mon DD]. Number of pages. Available from: URL doi: (if available)
Barrett KE, Barman SM, Boitano S, Brooks HL. Ganong’s review of medical physiology [Internet]. 25th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical; 2012 [cited 2019 Aug 7]. Available from: https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/book.aspx?bookid=1587
In text citation / reference list
Remember this will be a running number at the first use of a reference. If the reference is re-used then repeat the number allocated.
Keep your style constant, either parenthesis (number) throughout, or superscript number. Do not change between the two. If your department recommends a particular style then use that.
Barrett (2 p3) talks about the physiology of ...
or
Barrett 2 (p3) talks about the physiology of ...